Which term describes a statement that conveys a meaning opposite to its literal interpretation?

The term that accurately describes a statement conveying a meaning opposite to its literal interpretation is irony. Irony often highlights contrasts between expectations and reality. For instance, if someone says, "Great weather we're having!" during a storm, the literal message is positive, while the intended meaning is negative. This use of irony emphasizes a disconnect between appearance and reality, making it a powerful tool in language for expressing sarcasm or criticism.

Hyperbole refers to exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally, which is different from twisting meaning. An oxymoron combines contradictory terms for effect, such as "deafening silence," rather than opposing intent. A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory but may reveal a deeper truth, which does not align with the concept of conveying an opposite meaning directly. Through these distinctions, it is clear why irony is the most fitting term in this context.