Which best describes dramatic irony?

Dramatic irony occurs when the audience possesses knowledge that the characters within the narrative are unaware of, creating a layer of tension and engagement. This dynamic adds depth to the story as viewers or readers anticipate the eventual revelation to the characters and the consequences that will follow. An example of this could be found in classic literature or modern film where the audience knows that a character is being deceived or is headed towards an unfortunate fate, while the character remains oblivious to these truths. This contrast heightens emotional engagement and can create a poignant commentary on human experiences and fate.

In contrast to the other descriptions provided, the idea of characters being aware of the irony aligns more with situational irony or verbal irony rather than dramatic irony. A humorous twist may sometimes involve irony but does not encapsulate the essence of dramatic irony, which is rooted in the disparity between the audience's knowledge and the characters' ignorance. Lastly, an outcome being entirely predictable doesn’t necessarily involve the layered complexity that defines dramatic irony; it simply means the developments are expected without the crucial element of audience insight.