What is a fallacious reasoning tactic that makes an exaggerated claim about either/or situations?

The chosen answer, a false dichotomy, accurately describes a fallacious reasoning tactic that presents an exaggerated situation by framing it as if there are only two exclusive options when, in reality, more possibilities may exist. This tactic oversimplifies complex issues and forces a binary choice, often to manipulate or mislead an audience.

For example, if someone argues that you either support an aggressive policy or you are against progress, they are using a false dichotomy. This not only skews the argument but ignores other valid positions that might exist between those extremes, thereby limiting the discussion unfairly.

In the context of the other options, survivorship bias refers to focusing on successful entities while ignoring those that did not succeed, which does not pertain to exaggerated claims or binary situations. Confirmation bias involves favoring information that supports one’s existing beliefs, rather than presenting a limited choice. False analogy makes comparisons based on flawed similarities, lacking the focus on dichotomous situations. Thus, while each of the other concepts relates to reasoning errors, they do not specifically embody the exaggerated either/or claims illustrated by a false dichotomy.