What does the term "schema" refer to in reading?

The term "schema" in reading refers to the background knowledge and experiences that readers bring to a text. This concept is crucial because it influences how individuals interpret and understand new information. When readers approach a text, they draw upon their prior experiences, knowledge, and cultural background to make sense of what they read. This mental framework helps them connect new ideas with what they already know, facilitating comprehension and retention.

For instance, if a reader has previously learned about a specific topic, they can relate new information in a text to their existing knowledge, allowing for deeper understanding and engagement with the material. By activating relevant schemas, readers can make predictions, infer meanings, and integrate new information effectively, enhancing their overall reading experience.